Representation in Congress

Assignment

Required Resources

Read/review the following resources for this activity:

· Textbook: Chapter 11, 12

· Lesson

· Minimum of 2 scholarly sources in addition to the textbook.

Instructions

Research the proportion of women, African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans and openly gay or lesbian members of Congress.

1. Reflect on what these patterns say about the nature of representation.

2. Why do some groups tend to be underrepresented in Congress?

3. Why do you see a trend in which more women and minorities are being represented?

4. Do you think the underrepresentation of women and minorities affect Congress's business?

5. How might we as a people address this situation and strive towards equal representation? Make sure to cite sources used.

Requirements

· Length: 1.5-2 pages (not including title page or references page)

· 1-inch margins

· Double spaced

· 12-point Times New Roman font

· Title page

· References page (minimum of 2 scholarly sources in addition to textbook if cited)

Ebook:
https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/reader/books/9780135246849/pageid/11

The Struggle for Democracy, 2018 Elections and Updates Edition

Or
[email protected]

PWD: Bryanthierry@09

 Pagana: Mosby’s Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests, 6th Edition Adolescent With Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Case Studies The patient, a 16-year-old high-school football player, was brought to the emergency room in a coma. His mother said that during the past month he had lost 12 pounds and experienced excessive thirst associated with voluminous urination that often required voiding several times during the night. There was a strong family history of diabetes mellitus (DM). The results of physical examination were essentially negative except for sinus tachycardia and Kussmaul respirations. Studies Results Serum glucose test (on admission), p. 227 1100 mg/dL (normal: 60–120 mg/dL) Arterial blood gases (ABGs) test (on admission), p. 98 pH 7.23 (normal: 7.35–7.45) PCO2 30 mm Hg (normal: 35–45 mm Hg) HCO2 12 mEq/L (normal: 22–26 mEq/L) Serum osmolality test, p. 339 440 mOsm/kg (normal: 275–300 mOsm/kg) Serum glucose test, p. 227 250 mg/dL (normal: 70–115 mg/dL) 2-hour postprandial glucose test (2-hour PPG), p. 230 500 mg/dL (normal: <140 mg/dL) Glucose tolerance test (GTT), p. 234 Fasting blood glucose 150 mg/dL (normal: 70–115 mg/dL) 30 minutes 300 mg/dL (normal: <200 mg/dL) 1 hour 325 mg/dL (normal: <200 mg/dL) 2 hours 390 mg/dL (normal: <140 mg/dL) 3 hours 300 mg/dL (normal: 70–115 mg/dL) 4 hours 260 mg/dL (normal: 70–115 mg/dL) Glycosylated hemoglobin, p. 238 9% (normal: <7%) Diabetes mellitus autoantibody panel, p. 186 insulin autoantibody Positive titer >1/80 islet cell antibody Positive titer >1/120 glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody Positive titer >1/60 Microalbumin, p. 872 <20 mg/L Diagnostic Analysis The patient’s symptoms and diagnostic studies were classic for hyperglycemic ketoacidosis associated with DM. The glycosylated hemoglobin showed that he had been hyperglycemic over the last several months. The results of his arterial blood gases (ABGs) test on admission indicated metabolic acidosis with some respiratory compensation. He was treated in the Case Studies Copyright © 2018 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2 emergency room with IV regular insulin and IV fluids; however, before he received any insulin levels, insulin antibodies were obtained and were positive, indicating a degree of insulin resistance. His microalbumin was normal, indicating no evidence of diabetic renal disease, often a late complication of diabetes. During the first 72 hours of hospitalization, the patient was monitored with frequent serum glucose determinations. Insulin was administered according to the results of these studies. His condition was eventually stabilized on 40 units of Humulin N insulin daily. He was converted to an insulin pump and did very well with that. Comprehensive patient instruction regarding selfblood glucose monitoring, insulin administration, diet, exercise, foot care, and recognition of the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia was given. Critical Thinking Questions 1. Why was this patient in metabolic acidosis? 2. Do you think the patient will eventually be switched to an oral hypoglycemic agent? 3. How would you anticipate this life changing diagnosis is going to affect your patient according to his age and sex? 4. The parents of your patient seem to be confused and not knowing what to do with this diagnoses. What would you recommend to them? 

 

As a baccalaureate-prepared nursing professional what role will you take to advocate for culturally diverse clients in your healthcare practice?

• Sections of the assignment must include:
  Introduction
  Focus points covered in the discussion posts
  Any arguments and rationales for your stance
  Conclusion or Summary
• The components of your APA Assignment includes the following:
  The assignment must be completed on a word document.
  Your APA Assignment must include a title page (Refer to Purdue OWL).
  All in-text citations must be used when paraphrasing or quoting a previous author.
  All references must reflect the in-text citations used.
  All reference sources must be within the past 5 years unless it is the works of a nurse theorist or a significant reference material.
  The length of the assignment must be 750-1000 words. Please pay attention to spelling and grammar. Points are deducted for repeat offenders.
  Upon completion of the assignment, you must submit it via Turnitin.com and please note that your plagiarism score should be no more than 20%. If you score higher, please make adjustments.
  (Please refer to the APA Grading rubric for additional assistance in completing your assignment).
  You may reach out to the College Writing Center for further assistance.

Assessment 4

Remote Collaboration and Evidence-Based Care

Create a 5-10 minute video of yourself, as a presenter, in which you will propose an evidence-based plan to improve the outcomes for the Vila Health patient and examine how remote collaboration provided benefits or challenges to designing and delivering the care.

Introduction

As technologies and the health care industry continue to evolve, remote care, diagnosis, and collaboration are becoming increasingly more regular methods by which nurses are expected to work. Learning the ways in which evidence-based models and care can help remote work produce better outcomes will become critical for success. Additionally, understanding how to leverage EBP principles in collaboration will be important in the success of institutions delivering quality, safe, and cost-effective care. It could also lead to better job satisfaction for those engaging in remote collaboration.

Instructions

Before beginning this assessment, make sure you have worked through the following media:

Vila Health: Remote Collaboration on Evidence-Based Care.

You may wish to review Selecting a model for evidence-based practice changes. [PDF] and Evidence-Based Practice Models, which help explain the various evidence-based nursing models.

For this assessment, you are a presenter! You will create a 5-10-minute video using Kaltura or similar software. In the video:

Propose your evidence-based care plan that you believe will improve the safety and outcomes of the patient in the Vila Health Remote Collaboration on Evidence-Based Care media scenario. Add your thoughts on what more could be done for the client and what more information may have been needed.

Discuss the ways in which an EBP model and relevant evidence helped you to develop and make decisions about the plan you proposed

Wrap up your video by identifying the benefits of the remote collaboration in the scenario, as well as discuss strategies you found in the literature or best practices that could help mitigate or overcome one or more of the collaboration challenges you observed in the scenario.

Be sure you mention any articles, authors, and other relevant sources of evidence that helped inform your video. Discuss why these sources of evidence are credible and relevant. Important: You are required to submit an APA-formatted reference list of the sources you cited specifically in your video or used to inform your presentation. You are required to submit a narrative of all your video content to this assessment and to SafeAssign.

The following media is an example learner submission in which the speaker successfully addresses all competencies in the assessment.

Exemplar Kaltura Reflection.

Please note that the scenario that the speaker discusses in the exemplar is different from the Vila Health scenario you should be addressing in your video. So, the type of communication expected is being model, but the details related to the scenario in your submission will be different.

Make sure that your video addresses the following grading criteria:

Propose your own evidence-based care plan to improve the safety and outcomes for a patient based on the Vila Health Remote Collaboration on Evidence-Care media scenario.

Explain the ways in which you used an EBP model to help develop your plan of care for the client.

Reflect on which evidence you found in your search that was most relevant and useful when making decisions regarding your care plan.

Identify benefits and strategies to mitigate the challenges of interdisciplinary collaboration to plan care within the context of a remote team.

Communicate in a professional manner that is easily audible and uses proper grammar, including a reference list formatted in current APA style.

Refer to Using Kaltura as needed to record and upload your video.

  Replies two peers with 200 words each one 

1.Sensitivity and specificity are measures of the accuracy of a screening test that we use to identify the presence or absence of a particular condition in an individual.

Sensitivity measures the proportion of true positives that are correctly identified by a screening test. In other words, it tells us the percentage of people who have the condition and are correctly identified by the screening test as having it.

Specificity measures the proportion of true negatives that are correctly identified by a screening test. That is, it tells us the percentage of people who do not suffer from the condition and who the screening test correctly identifies as not suffering.

Both sensitivity and specificity are important in determining the accuracy of a screening test, as they inform us about how effective the test is in correctly identifying both positive and negative cases. Ideally, we want a screening test that has high sensitivity and specificity, so that we can accurately identify the presence or absence of the condition being tested.

There are several factors that can affect sensitivity and specificity:

The threshold or cutoff value used to define a positive screening result. The lower the threshold, the more sensitivity increases but specificity decreases, while a higher threshold increases specificity but decreases sensitivity.

Also important is the prevalence of the condition in the population tested. In a population with high prevalence, the positive predictive value of the test may be higher, while in a population with low prevalence, false positive results may be more common.

Characteristics of the population being tested, such as age, sex, and comorbidities, which may influence the accuracy of the test.

It is important to note that sensitivity and specificity are not absolute measures of a test’s accuracy, but rather represent a balance between correctly identifying true positives and true negatives. Therefore, the decision to use a particular screening test should be based on a thorough evaluation of its performance characteristics and its suitability for the population being screened.

Considering the aforementioned aspects of sensitivity and specificity, we will be able to accurately address research studies, achieving better results.

2. Building evidence-based practice requires difficult assessment of diagnostic tests and measures. Sensitivity and specificity are vital parameters in identifying the validity of this important study. Sensitivity measures the ability of a test to properly identify individuals with a specific condition, while specificity gauges the ability to correctly identify individuals without the condition. Understanding these metrics is a fundamental advance study for healthcare and research settings for accurate disease identification and treatment planning. Sensitivity, also known as the true positive rate, measures the proportion of actual positives correctly identified by the test. High sensitivity ensures that individuals with the condition are unlikely to be missed, reducing the chances of false negatives. For instance, in cancer screening, a highly sensitive test detects can even detect early-stage of the cancers, leading to timely interventions and improved outcomes and like this be able to act. Sensitivity is crucial when early detection significantly influences patient prognosis, allowing for prompt medical intervention. On the other hand, specificity, or by other definition the true negative rate, reflects the proportion of individuals without the condition who are correctly identified by the test. High specificity minimizes false positives, confirming that healthy individuals are not unnecessarily subjected to further, potentially invasive, testing or treatments. For example, in HIV testing, high specificity is vital to prevent unnecessary emotional distress and healthcare costs resulting from false-positive results. Specificity is particularly important when a positive test result can lead to significant consequences, such as starting potent treatments or imposing lifestyle changes. There is often a difference between sensitivity and specificity. Increasing sensitivity may decrease specificity and vice versa, leading to a balance dilemma. Reaching to an optimal equilibrium is essential; too much focus on sensitivity might lead to overdiagnosis and overtreatment, while too much specificity might result in missed diagnoses. Applying the right balance will help individuals and it will and varies based on the medical condition, available treatments, and potential consequences of false results. 

     In summary, sensitivity and specificity are fundamental components in the screening aspects, tests playing a crucial role in evidence-based practice. Understanding and optimizing these parameters are imperative for clinicians and researchers, ensuring that diagnostic tests are trustworthy, leading to improved patient outcomes. By appreciating the balance between sensitivity and specificity, healthcare professionals can make informed choices, enhancing the quality of care and advancing evidence-based medicine.