Topic:   Organizational, Political, and Personal Power/Organizing Patient Care  

• Huston’s Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing, 11th edition.  
• Learning Exercise 13.3 (page 321)  

Basic Statistics Data Used in Everyday Life

Discussion

Required Resources

Read/review the following resources for this activity:

· OpenStax Textbook: Chapter 1

· Lesson 1 Reading

· Minimum of 1 scholarly source AND one appropriate resource such as the textbook, math video and/or math website

In your reference for this assignment, be sure to include both your text/class materials AND your outside reading(s).

Initial Post Instructions

1. Present two different types of data, or variables, used in the health field. Examples could be blood pressure, temperature, pH, pain rating scales, pulse oximetry, % hematocrit, minute respiration, gender, age, ethnicity, etc.

2. Classify each of your variables as qualitative or quantitative and explain why they fall into the category that you chose.

3. Also, classify each of the variables as to their level of measurement–nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio–and justify your classifications.

4. Which type of sampling could you use to gather your data? (stratified, cluster, systematic, and convenience sampling)

Follow-Up Post Instructions

Respond to at least one peer. Further the dialogue by providing more information and clarification.

Your responses to other students can explain additional analyses that could be done with the variables they selected. Consider confounding variables, discrete or continuous data, the effects of outliers, etc.

Course Outcomes

CO 1: Given scenarios supported by population data, apply sampling techniques and explain potential pitfalls and bias in data collection.

CO 2: Given datasets with qualitative and quantitative data, differentiate between the types of data and how they can be applied in statistical studies for everyday life.

**Remember to use the Chamberlain Library (

https://library.chamberlain.edu/home
) to research scholarly resources to provide evidence in your discussions and cite your references at the end of each post. Your initial post is encouraged by 11:59 pm MT Wednesday, and your one follow-up post is due by 11:59 pm MT Sunday.**  

The Assignment (Evidence-Based Project)

Part 3A: Critical Appraisal of Research

Conduct a critical appraisal of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected by completing the Evaluation Table within the Critical Appraisal Tool Worksheet Template. Choose a total of four peer- reviewed articles that you selected related to your clinical topic of interest in Module 2 and Module 3.

Note: You can choose any combination of articles from Modules 2 and 3 for your Critical Appraisal. For example, you may choose two unfiltered research articles from Module 2 and two filtered research articles (systematic reviews) from Module 3 or one article from Module 2 and three articles from Module 3. You can choose any combination of articles from the prior Module Assignments as long as both modules and types of studies are represented.

Part 3B: Critical Appraisal of Research

Based on your appraisal, in a 1-2-page critical appraisal, suggest a best practice that emerges from the research you reviewed. Briefly explain the best practice, justifying your proposal with APA citations of the research.

Advanced Psychopharmacology and Health Promotion

Unit 9 peer response. ADHD Medications. 800W. APA. 4 references due 10-30-23.

Instructions:

Please read and respond to at least two of your peers' initial postings. You may want to consider the following questions in your responses to your peers:

· Compare and contrast your initial posting with those of your peers.  

· How are they similar or how are they different?

· What information can you add that would help support the responses of your peers?

· Ask your peers a question for clarification about their post.

· What most interests you about their responses? 

Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.

Mihaela

Unit 9 – ADHD Medications

1.
What screening tools can be used to affirm your initial diagnosis that Mr. Deliver meets the criteria for ADHD?

One commonly used screening tool is the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). The ASRS consists of a series of questions that evaluate both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms (Anbarasan et al., 2020). Another useful screening tool is the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS), which assesses various domains affected by ADHD, such as attention problems, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and executive functioning (Smyth et al., 2019).

2.
Further assessment determines that Mr. Deliver does meet the criteria for ADHD, inattentive type. What is the current recommendation for pharmacological treatment for Mr. Deliver?

Once it is confirmed through further assessment that Mr. Deliver meets the criteria for ADHD, inattentive type, the current recommendation for pharmacological treatment would typically involve stimulant medications such as methylphenidate or amphetamine derivatives. These medications have consistently shown efficacy in improving attention, reducing impulsivity, and enhancing executive functions in adults with ADHD (Farhat et al., 2022). Non-stimulant options like atomoxetine or viloxazine (norepinephrine modulator) may also be considered if there are contraindications or intolerance to stimulants (Mechler et al., 2022). However, considering Mr. Deliver's concerns about stigma and psychotropic medications' risks, it may be worth discussing non-pharmacological interventions as well. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has demonstrated efficacy in managing symptoms of adult ADHD. CBT can help Mr. Deliver develop strategies to improve organization skills, time management, and enhance his ability to focus on tasks (Young et al., 2020).

3.
Assume that instead of Mr. Deliver being 36 years old, Thomas is a 13-year-old male that also meets the diagnostic criteria for ADHD, hyperactive type (Thomas is not on any medications at this age). How will your pharmacological treatment change?

In the case of Thomas, a 13-year-old boy diagnosed with ADHD hyperactive type who is not currently taking any medications, the most probable treatment approach would involve the use of stimulant medications. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), stimulant medications like methylphenidate are recommended as first-line treatment options for children and adolescents with ADHD, as they have been shown effective in reducing symptoms and improving functioning (Shrestha et al., 2020). However it is important to monitor growth and potential side effects in pediatric patients (Vertessen et al., 2023).

References

Anbarasan, D., Kitchin, M., & Adler, L. A. (2020). Screening for adult adhd. 
Current Psychiatry Reports, 
22(12). 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-020-01194-9Links to an external site.

Farhat, L. C., Flores, J. M., Behling, E., Avila-Quintero, V. J., Lombroso, A., Cortese, S., Polanczyk, G. V., & Bloch, M. H. (2022). The effects of stimulant dose and dosing strategy on treatment outcomes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. 
Molecular Psychiatry, 
27(3), 1562–1572. 

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01391-9Links to an external site.

Mechler, K., Banaschewski, T., Hohmann, S., & Häge, A. (2022). Evidence-based pharmacological treatment options for adhd in children and adolescents. 
Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 
230, 107940. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107940Links to an external site.

Shrestha, M., Lautenschleger, J., & Soares, N. (2020). Non-pharmacologic management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: A review. 
Translational Pediatrics, 
9(S1), S114–S124. 

https://doi.org/10.21037/tp.2019.10.01Links to an external site.

Smyth, A. C., & Meier, S. T. (2016). Evaluating the psychometric properties of the conners adult adhd rating scales. 
Journal of Attention Disorders, 
23(10), 1111–1118. 

https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054715624230Links to an external site.

Vertessen, K., Luman, M., Swanson, J. M., Bottelier, M., Stoffelsen, R., Bet, P., Wisse, A., Twisk, J. R., & Oosterlaan, J. (2023). Methylphenidate dose–response in children with adhd: Evidence from a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled titration trial. 
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-023-02176-xLinks to an external site.

Young, Z., Moghaddam, N., & Tickle, A. (2016). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for adults with adhd: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. 
Journal of Attention Disorders, 
24(6), 875–888. 

https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054716664413Links to an external site.

Ruth

Unit 9: Initial Discussion ADHD Medications

What screening tools can be used to affirm your initial diagnosis that Mr. Deliver meets the criteria for ADHD?

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder of childhood, with impairing symptoms persisting into adulthood in approximately 70% of cases. Several screening tools are available to help providers identify and diagnose ADHD. The World Health Organization (WHO) Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Part A is the most commonly used screening tool for ADHD cases in adults. The tool is available in national and international ADHD guidelines.  The screening tool contains six questions that cover inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. It also includes a threshold of four or more, which is used for probable ADHD.  The score is calculated according to the number of questions that meet the criteria: sometimes endorsing/often/very often for questions 1–3 and endorsing usually/very often for questions 4–6. However, this screening, even if the patient is positive, may not have an active diagnosis of ADHD; further evaluation is required to ensure symptoms are related to ADHD diagnosis (Chamberlain et al., 2021). 

Further assessment determines that Mr. Deliver does meet the criteria for ADHD, inattentive type. What is the current recommendation for pharmacological treatment for Mr. Deliver?

According to his age and diagnosis, the current recommendation for this patient will be amphetamine 12.5 mg daily. Recommend that the patient start CBT and encourage exercise. A study showed that ADHD drugs are more effective and tolerated by children and adolescents than adults; the reason for this discrepancy is unknown. Amphetamines, methylphenidate, atomoxetine, and modafinil cause weight loss in children, adolescents, and adults. Amphetamines and atomoxetine increased blood pressure in children and adolescents, and methylphenidate increased blood pressure in adults. Methylphenidate showed better symptom control with the most minor side effects for children and adolescents, and amphetamines produced the best results for adults (Gupta, 2018). 

Reference:

Chamberlain, S. R., Cortese, S., & Grant, J. E. (2021). Screening for adult ADHD using brief rating tools: What can we conclude from a positive screen? Some caveats. 
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 
106, 152224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152224

Gupta, S. (2018). Best First-Line ADHD Medications for Children, Adults: Study Results. 
Attitude. https://www.additudemag.com/adhd-drugs-methylphenidate-vs-amphetamine-treatment/

Mayo Clinic. (2023). Amphetamine (Oral Route). 

https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/amphetamine-oral-route/proper-use/drg-20150941Links to an external site.

A 56-year-old patient with newly diagnosed stage 1 hypertension has been referred to you for counseling regarding lifestyle modifications. He is married, with four children — two in high school, two in college. His job as a senior vice-president for a major retail chain requires that he work long hours and frequently eat at restaurants. He smokes two packs of cigarettes a day, has a body mass index (BMI) of 29 kg/m2, and a waist-hip ratio of 1.6. He usually drinks one to two dry martinis to relax after he gets home from work.

1. How would you develop a realistic plan to help this patient reduce his blood pressure and prevent complications?
2. Which risk factors would be among your top two or three priorities for this patient, and what interventions or recommendations would you provide for modifying these?

Instructions: 1 pg to 1 1/2 pg is long enough. APA style discussion post. has to have 3 references.